This paper is an attempt to compare the culture of media with media policy in the context of the developed and less-developed societies. Because mass media, particularly TV carry the responsibility of providing their audience with entertaining and training materials for the society they have been considered as important means of socialization. However, because of their cultural policies, which tend to diffuse mediocre culture while benefiting from wide range of audiences, they have been criticized. Accordingly, this paper examines the dominant cultural policies of media as well as provides a description of visual perspectives of culture of media based on a qualitative and comparative analysis.

Fiscal policy is a policy that tries to achieve certain economic goals through instruments such as changes in government expenditure and taxation. The financial policy uses two instruments of government revenue (tax) and government spending (spending) to influence the economy. And in the economic literature, they consider economic growth to be equal to GDP. The impact of financial policies on economic growth is a matter of many economists. The source of finance used by the government of majority of the world countries is mainly tax revenue. Tax paid by the public is an effective instrument for developing financial policy by the nations. This study aims to investigate the impact of financial policy (tax) on GDP of the developed and developing countries using the panel data technique. The data is collected from World Bank database for the period 2008-2016. The results of analysis revealed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the logarithm of the ratio of tax revenues and GDP in the developed countries; however, there is no significant relationship between tax revenues and economic growth in developing countries.

Government size has negative and positive impact on economic growth. In this paper, we conduct an analysis with dealing the impact of government size on human development index (HDI). The regression will be empirically analyzed using generalized method of moments (GMM) with two staged least squares in a panel data framework for 30 developed and 34 developing nations for 1980-2009. The impact of government size (measured by consumption and investment expenditures) on HDI is studied. The results reveal that the optimal size of government consumption expenditure on HDI in developed countries is greater than the developing countries. While, in developing countries the government investment reveals a linear and increasing patterns.

Background. Low back pain is a serious condition that causes burdens on functional working people, and preventing low back pain is an important theme that needs to be persistently emphasized by the government in any country. There is an urgency to see the trend of low back pain prevention, and up to now, no bibliometric study has been written on low back pain prevention. Objectives. Hopefully, this study could give more information to the decision-makers of developing countries to be aware of the burden of lower back pain. Methods. This bibliometric study used the Scopus database to obtain articles published until 2023. All articles were included in the bibliometric analyses using the VOSviewer version 1.6.16 package program. The Pearson correlation analysis of the statistical correlation between gross domestic product per capita and the publishing countries of authors was performed with the Jamovi 2.3.13 package program. Results. The researchers found 73 publications on LBP (low back pain) prevention published between 1959 and 2023. Authors from developed countries wrote the majority of articles. There are 742 keywords in the most cited articles; the most used keywords are low back pain, human, and article. In 2020, many keywords used in the publication were health assistive devices, design and development, active lifestyle, and occupational hazards. Conclusion. The global upward trend of low back pain prevention in the next five years was weak, and the developed countries had the highest publications on low back pain prevention.

United Nations has taken some serious measures in order to distribute good and desirable values. The article tries to prepare an answer to this key question that how far the issue has led to positive achievements for international community to avoid from immoral behavior regarding international relations, and if not, what are its reasons? According to the relevant research done here examined the hypothesis that indicates the United Nations has not finally done its best as it ought to.United Nations has not attempted to distribute high values and has shown inefficiency regarding to the issue. However, it should not also be denied some positive actions taken by the United Nations such as the Secretary General’s millennium declaration, U.N. reforms, humanitarian and human rights actions.By such measures, United Nations has been able to increase its future efficiency in order to achieve a better result.

Background: Female labor supply has been changed dramatically in the recent yr. In this study, we examined the ef-fects of development on the relationship between fertility and female labor supply.Methods: We used data of population and housing census of Iran and estimated three separate models. To do this we employed Logistic Regressions (BLR).Results: The estimation results of our study showed that there was a negative relationship between fertility rate and female labor supply and there are some differences for this relationship in three models.Conclusion: When fertility rate increases, FLS would decreases. In addition, for higher fertility rates, the woman might be forced to work more because of the economic conditions of her family; and negative coefficients of the fer-tility rate effects on FLS would increase with a diminishing rate.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Canada, with rising incidence in First Nations (FN) women. This study confirms persistent survival disparities between FN and non-FN women, with updated findings over an extended follow-up period. Methods: Data from the Ontario Cancer Registry, linked to the Indian Registration System, included 282 FN and 670 frequency matched non-FN women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 1995-2004. Survival outcomes were assessed up to 2019, analyzing 10-year survival rates by cancer stage and other factors. Results: Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curves showed lower 10-year survival rates for FN women (76%) compared to non-FN women (87%) for stage I breast cancer. After adjusting for age, comorbidity, detection method, and surgery severity, no significant difference in mortality hazard was found. Among FN women diagnosed with stage I breastcancer, diabetes (HR = 3. 10, 95% CI = 1. 09-8. 81) and chemotherapy (HR = 4. 05, 95% CI = 1. 46-11. 20) were associated with increased mortality hazard, while hormonal therapy was associated with reduced mortality hazard (HR = 0. 38, 95% CI = 0. 14-0. 996). Among FN women with advanced-stage breast cancer (stages II-IV), diabetes (HR = 1. 74, 95% CI = 1. 02-2. 98) and radiotherapy (HR = 1. 88, 95% CI = 1. 07-3. 29) were associated with increasedmortality hazard. Conclusion: Disparities in survival rates between FN and non-FN women may be influenced by factors such as age, comorbidity, detection method, and surgery type. This study shows encouraging improvement over time and advocates for actionable changes to close the survival gap and enhance treatment outcomes for FN women.